As with most experiments that i participate in the hard work is actually done by my students, things got a bit out of hand and i eventually found myself writing another book. In general, data are stored in a distributed fashion and on computing nodes as a result of which big data may be more susceptible to attacks by hackers. This shopping feature will continue to load items when the enter key is pressed. Scientificphilosophical studies on free shipping on qualified orders. This paper presents a risk model for big data, which.
The grey system theory, first proposed by professor julong. Complex systems theory 1988 some approaches to the study of complex systems are outlined. Therefore, grey system model gm 1, 1 is proposed out to predicted future exchange rate of china in. The use of grey system theory in predicting the road traffic. A purposeful approach to the constant comparative method in. A purposeful approach to the constant comparative method. Pdf introduction to grey system theory semantic scholar. An introduction to grey methods by using r tan xi department of statistics, nufe nov 6, 2009. The grey complex networks and design of some topological. A grey theory based approach to big data risk management. Sifeng liu jeffrey forrest y ingjie y ang, 2012,a brief introduction to grey systems theory, grey systems. Relational analysis gra and analytic hierarchy process ahp. Greysystemtheorybased model for the prediction of track geometry quality. In early 1990s, some universities located in australia, china, japan, taiwan, usa, have started offering courses on grey system theory.
An extended grey relational analysis based interval neutrosophic multi attribute decision making for weaver selection partha pratim dey1 surapati pramanik2, bibhas chandra giri1 1department of mathematics, jadavpur university, kolkata 700032, india. As the case stands, the developnent of the grey system as well as theo retical topicis coupled with clear applications of the theory in assorted fields. Gray relational analysis have been developed based on grey system theory. Nonetheless, being subject to nonlinear dynamics is not a necessary condition for a complex system. Maynard smith 1968 shows that, under truncation selection, the upper limit of the rate of adaptive evolution can be several orders of magnitude higher than that.
Tesch 1990 adopts this view when she calls comparison the main intellectual activity that underlies all analysis in grounded theory. Aims to cope with the uncertainty of a system socalled grey. The dit and schema theory james rest,1 darcia narvaez,1,3 muriel bebeau,1 and stephen thom1,2 a macromorality concerns the formal structure of society, as defined by institutions, rules, and roles. Study on the relationship between soil nutrients and the corn. Abstractthis paper investigates the use of grey theory to en hance the concept of an rfuzzy set, with regards to the precision of the encapsulating set of. Electric network theory deals with two primitive quantities, which we will refer to as. For example, the human body, agriculture, economy, etc. A dual simplex method for grey linear programming problems based on duality results davood darvishi salookolaei, seyed hadi nasseri.
The research of the grey system theory applied on buildings. Introduction to grey system theory outlooks on pest management. Hence, the interpretation of complexity depend upon the concept of a system systems academy. In each case, the situation is treated as an evolving dynamical system with global properties that. Baris ulutas, okyay kaynak, grey system theorybased models in time series predictionj. It is assumed that all data values to be used in grey models are positive, and the sampling frequency of the time series is. For example, there are structures involving linear matrices that describe networks which.
Grey system based prediction grey models predict the future values of a time series based onlyon a set of the mostrecent datadepending on the windowsize of the predictor. The result show that the accuracy of gm1,1model in forecast value for 2008 to 2010 is higher than the. For the complex system, people often confront the informationmissing situation, then the statistic datum. After that, we analyze and discuss of the grey system theory.
Grounded theory is one of four qualitative designs frequently used in the human and social sciences. Systematically examines the fundamental theory, methods, and techniques of practical. Ninoslav slavek, alan jovic application of grey system theory to software projects ranking udk. When a big earthquake happens, the reliable estimation of the earthquake damage within a short time is very important for the government to allocate the rescue personnel and supplies. Big data is the term used to denote enormous sets of data that differ from other classic databases in four main ways. Summary in terms of grey system theory, it is a new methodology that focuses on the problems involving small samples and poor information. Grey incidence is an important part of grey system theory on the basis of grey decisionmaking and grey cluster. The seismic intensity is closely related to the ground motion parameters, which indicates it can. A new method to estimate the seismic intensity rapidly based on the grey system theory is proposed in this paper. Id 3 for authorities supporting the evolution of legal doctrines that modified the often wasteful and confusing results of a strict application of the rule of capture to oil and gas. Complex systems theory complex systems theory studies how systems with many agents that are already at high energyinformation dissipation interact and behave. Soil nutrient correlation degree analysis showed that the correlation coefficient of. It has some other shortcomings, such as the amount of calculation is larger, the results are not intuitive, and so on2.
Since the grey systems theory was proposed, many theoretic and applied results have been obtained see 1522 etc. Grounded theory and the constant comparative method. The method of comparing and contrasting is used for. The essential contents and topics of grey system theory encompass the fol lowing areas. It defines situations with no information as black, and those with perfect information as white. Grey system theory conforms to urgent needs of social practice grey system theory was established at the beginning of the 1980s.
Deng pioneered a unique theory for modelling, and decision when the data is sparse. Grey system theory aims to deal with the uncertainty of a system by using elements of relational analysis, operational research, system control, system modeling and system forecasting. It is also the result of deepening perceptivity to uncertain system. Chaos theory how does complex system theory say the agents behave. Aims to cope with the uncertainty of a system so called grey. Systems theory dealt with the ideas of complexity, selforganisation and adaptation before the existence of complexity theory. A \complex system is a group or organization which is made up of many interacting parts.
The grey system provides multidisciplinary approaches for analysis and abstract modelling of systems for which the information is limited, incomplete and. This study designed the prediction models of grey theory for taiwan pollution consumptions and also defined the grey relations of pollution factors in these management models 7 12. Selforganized criticality, alchemy narrative theory justso story. The purpose of the distinguishing coefficient is to expand or compress the range of the grey relational coefficient. Usually, on the grounds of existing grey relations, grey elements, grey numbers denoted by 8 one. Article information, pdf download for greysystemtheorybased. No appropriate book existed, so i started writing lecture notes. Analyzing departed grey incidence models, this chapter constructed a new grey incidence model by gradual tempo difference between reference sequence and relevant sequence. The application of grey theory to taiwan pollution prediction. Hospital location selection with grey system theory journals. Grey system based methods provide various tools to cope with situations of limited data, such as correlation analysis and modeling. Take the test zone 110 sampling plots of soil nutrient content as the research data, to study the correlation between the soil nutrient content and the corn yield.
Grey system theory stands the test of time since 1982. The prediction behaviors and architecture of grey theory the experimental model contains four steps as follows. Predictive theory first principles provide counterfactuals qualitative theory. The model of new grey incidence and its application. Therefore, grey system model gm 1, 1 is proposed out to predicted future exchange rate of china in short term. The grey system theory, first proposed by professor julong deng in 1982, avoids the inherent defects of conventional, statistical methods and only requires a limited amount of data to estimate the behavior of an uncertain system. The aims of grey system theory are to provide theory, techniques, notions and ideas for resolving analysing latent and intricate systems, for example. According to the study of the grey system theory, the field of the grey system can be summarized in six parts. Geometric complexity theory gct is an approach towards the p vs. For example, take the case where there are three alternatives, a, b and c. On the contrary, the normal mathematical statistics method requires more data and a classic statistical law e. Based on it,we modifiedthe model background values and raised the linergrey model at the same time. The grey system method relies on the geometric features of the measurement data, instead of the probability density distribution and the sample size.
Qin c a henan university of science and technology, luoyang, 471039, china b hong kong university of science and technology, clear water bay, kowloon, hong kong c xian jiaotong university, xian, 710049, china email. Based on it,we modifiedthe model background values and raised the liner grey model at the same time. Introduction to grey system theory research information ltd. General overviews there are a few books on the neutral theory, and kimura 1983 remains the most comprehensive and authoritative book on the topic.
Complex systems theory and evolution melanie mitchell and mark newman santa fe institute, 99 hyde park road, santa fe, nm 87501 in encyclopedia of evolution m. Complex adaptive systems cas and complexity theory. Formal theory conceptual hygiene check logical consistency identify tractable problems exploratory theory inventive. General comments on grey system grey theory does not have solid mathematical foundations yet like probability theory, fuzzy theory based on credibility measure and others prof.
Rfuzzy sets and grey system theory nottingham eprints. The neutral theory received strong opposition from neodarwinists immediately after its publication. Buy introduction to graph theory by gary chartrand, ping zhang online at alibris. Grey system theory use black to indicate unknown information, white the completely known information, and grey the partially known and partially unknown information liu and lin, 2010.
Thus, one can say that the grey system theory is inter disciplinary, cutting across a variety of specialized fields, and it is evident that grey system theory stands the test of time since 1982. Introduction to grey system theory the journal of grey system. Study on the relationship between soil nutrients and the. To establish a nonfunction model instead of regressive analysing. An improved method for estimating the seismic intensity based. It is one of the most widely used models of grey system theory. In order to apply the grey system method, a measurement system is considered as a grey system and the measurement data is therefore a grey number within a particular interval 11. They are encompassed by an emerging field of science concerned with the general analysis of complexity. The initial sections provide an overview, descriptive characteristics, background and socialinstitutional outlines for the complex adaptive systems knowledge domain. As the case stands, the developnent of the grey systemas well as theo retical topicis coupled with clear applications of the theory in assorted fields.
An improved method for estimating the seismic intensity. Newman department of physics, university of michigan, ann arbor, mi 48109 and center for the study of complex systems, university of michigan, ann arbor, mi 48109 a complex system is a system composed of many interacting parts. The conccept of the grey system, in its theory and successful application, is now well known in china. As far as information is concerned, the systems which lack information, such as structure message, operation mechanism and behaviour document, are referred to as grey systems. Chinese grey system association cgsa was established in 1996. Throughout the natural and artificial world one observes phenomena of great com plexity. The goal of grey system and its applications is to bridge the gap existing between social science and natu ral science. The nonliability isbaseduponthe theory that afterthedrainage the title orproperty interestoftheformer owneris gone. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Np and related problems c, kp, le, v initiated in gctpram with a proof of a special case of the p 6 ncconjecture and developed in a series of articles gct1gct8 and gct. Grey systems theory and applications sifeng liu springer. It has been proven to be useful for dealing with poor, incomplete, and uncertain information.
System science uncertain system grey model grey system high level synthesis these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. A conference on grey system theory and applications is held by cgsa every year. Introduction to graph theory by gary chartrand, ping zhang. Grey system theorybased models in time series prediction. The use of grey relational analysis in solving multiple. The grey system theory could deal with the problems with incomplete or unknown information and also the small sample, so this paper uses it. The current developing status on grey system theory. Secondly,start from the grey forecast and grey modeling, we analyzed theshortcoming and limitation of traditional gm1,1 model.
Supposing that njk is the grey sum of the shortest pathes which connect the vertices vj and vk, and njki is the grey sum of the shortest pathes which connect vj and vk through the vertex vi, where i, j and k are the order numbers of vertices. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your. The use of grey system theory in predicting the road. The aim of this article is to construct a forecasting model based on grey theory by the limited information of pollution management. Systems theory is seen by many as the predecessor and foundation of complexity theory.
The spread of this new theory has taken place as follows. Research article a grey theory based approach to big data. Introduction to grey system theory the journal of grey. The method of comparing and contrasting is used for practically all intellectual tasks during analysis. The next four sections provide descriptive material on applications of cas thinking in the disciplines of physics. It used the grey system theory to analysis the correlation between the content of soil nutrient, and established gm 1, n prediction model. Greysystemtheorybased model for the prediction of track geometry. As far as information is concerned, the systems which lack information, such as structure message, operation. Under the axiomatic system of buffer operator in grey system theory, four classes of strengthening buffer operators are established and unificatcd, which have the universality and practicability. Selforganized criticality, alchemy narrative theory. For extending the common definitions and concepts of grey system theory to the optimization subject, a dual problem is proposed for the primal grey linear programming problem. Up to now, gs theory has been developing a set of theories and techniques including grey mathematics, grey relational analysis, grey modelling, grey clustering, grey forecasting, grey decision making, grey.